From ???@0x00001561 Sat Jul 25 17:35:57 1998
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From: mlindroo@my-dejanews.com
Newsgroups: sci.space.history
Subject: Soviet manned Moon pix now available (from NPO Energia book)
Date: Sat, 25 Jul 1998 17:49:11 GMT
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Status: N

I've scanned a few color photographs from the NPO Energia book
"From 1st satellite to Mir and Energia/Buran". Most of the images
are color photographs of previously classified hardware, developed
for the Soviet manned lunar program during the 1960s and early 1970s.
Enjoy!

List of images:
--------------

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/l1_1.jpg =Proton launcher w. L-1 "Zond" manned
circulunar spacecraft being transported to  the launch pad.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/l1_2.jpg
=Proton/L-1 ready for launch. Note launch escape tower on top of the rocket.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/l1_3.jpg
=Night launch of a Proton/L-1.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/n1_1.jpg
=Side view of the N-1 heavy-lift booster's first stage. Grey color suggests
 this is the 3L vehicle which was unsuccessfully launched in February 1969.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/n1_2.jpg
=Bottom view of the N-1 first stage, showing the engine configuration.
 Generating a liftoff thrust of 46,000kN, the N-1 is the most powerful
 rocket ever built although the launch mass + payload capability was
 slightly less than the American Saturn V's.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/n1_3.jpg
=The N-1 second stage had eight engines, vs. 30 engines for the 1st stage.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/n1_4.jpg
=Third stage of the N-1 lunar-landing booster.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/n1_5.jpg
=Assembly of the first N-1 booster in the MIK vehicle integration building
 at Baikonur. This picture was probably taken in late 1968 or early '69.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/lk.jpg
=Front view of the L-3 "LK" lunar lander. Docking plate plus reaction control
 system thrusters are visible on top. Spherical crew capsule would have
 housed one cosmonaut during 1-2 day excursion to the lunar surface.
 Note circular windows at front of crew module. Being very small, the
 LK only carried enough propellant for the ascent to the waiting
 "LOK" mothership in lunar orbit. Most of the landing delta-V would
 have been provided by a "Block-D" rocket stage that was to be jettisoned at
 an altitude of two kilometers above the surface. The LK then used its
 internal engine to land safely.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/lok.jpg
=One of the few photographs I have seen of the L-3 LOK lunar orbiter's
 instrument/propulsion module. Soyuz type Orbital Module is barely visible
 at left, followed by the dark Soyuz crew descent capsule at center. Conical
 fairing at right would house the LK lunar lander during flight from
 Earth orbit to lunar orbit. The LOK was very similar to other Soyuz craft,
 but carried more propellant, supplies & electrical power for an extended
 2-week trip to lunar orbit and back to Earth. Only one LOK craft was ever
 flown (unsuccessfully-), in October 1972 during the fourth and final N-1
 launch attempt.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/l1s_1.jpg
=The "L-1S" spacecraft, probably being readied for one of the first two
 N-1 launch attempts in early 1969. The L-3 spacecraft was behind schedule,
 so the Soviets decided to launch a modified L-1 "Zond" circumlunar spacecraft
 instead. The idea was to do an unmanned two-way test flight to lunar orbit
 and return with some high resolution photographs of possible landing sites.
 Note the LOK's spherical reaction control system & docking module to the
 left. Some sources claim it would have boosted the L-1S back to Earth
 from lunar orbit, but I believe it is more likely that it was added
 simply to control the L-1S stack in flight.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/l1s_2.jpg =Another "rare" photograph of the L-1S
that shows what the manned lunar-landing  spacecraft would have looked like.
The white cylinder at left is the  translunar injection stage, it would be
jettisoned after leaving low  Earth orbit. The smaller cylinder in front of
it is the  Block-D rocket stage, which would have braked the manned
spacecraft into  lunar orbit and then provided most of the thrust to land the
LK on the  Moon. The LK itself was to be stored inside the foil covered
fairing behind  the L-1S spacecraft. The LK+Block-D separates from the LOK in
lunar orbit.  As noted earlier, the LOK was not yet ready so an L-1S had to
act as a  "mothership" during the first two N-1 launch attempts. For this
mission,  the Block-D probably would have been fired to return the L-1S to
Earth.

http://www.ryp.umu.se/~96ml/l1s_3.jpg
=Final photo of the L-1S, this time covered with green thermal insulation.


MARCU$


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